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Glycerin

Name: Glycerin
SKU: 0

Glycerin
CAS No.: 56-81-5
Molecular Formula: C3H8O3
Molecular weight: 92.09382

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Glycerol, also known as glycerin, is an important polyol. It appears as a colorless, transparent viscous liquid, odorless, and strongly hygroscopic. It is stable at room temperature and miscible with water and ethanol in any proportion. The three hydroxyl groups in its molecule make it an excellent humectant, solvent, and viscosity modifier. Based on these properties, glycerol is widely used in cosmetics, food, oral care, and pharmaceuticals. Industrially, it is also a key raw material for synthetic resins, polyurethanes, and nitroglycerin.

Chemical Properties

Property	Value
Melting point	20 °C (lit.)
Boiling point	290 °C
Density	1.25 g/mL (lit.)
Vapor density	3.1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure	<1 mmHg (20 °C)
FEMA	2525 \| GLYCEROL
Refractive index	n20/D 1.474 (lit.)
Flash point	320 °F
Storage condition	Store at +5°C to +30°C.
Solubility	H₂O: 5 M, 20 °C, clear, colorless
Acidity coefficient (pKa)	14.15 (at 25°C)
Form	Viscous liquid
Color	APHA: ≤10
Specific gravity	1.265 (15/15°C) 1.262
Odor	Odorless
pH value	5.5-8 (25°C, 5M in H₂O)
pH range (indicator)	5.5 - 8
Aroma type	Odorless
Biological source	Synthetic (organic)
Explosive limit	2.6-11.3%(V)
Water solubility	>500 g/L (20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	0.285 W/(m·K) at 25 °C
Maximum wavelength (λ_max)	λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05 λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.04
Sensitivity	Hygroscopic
Merck	144484
JECFA Number	909
BRN	635685
Henry's Law Constant	4.7×106 mol/(m3Pa)4.7×106mol/(m3Pa) at 25°C, Burkholder et al. (2019)
Exposure Limits	OSHA: TWA 15 mg/m33; TWA 5 mg/m33
Dielectric Constant	47.0 (Ambient)
Stability	Stable. Incompatible with perchloric acid, alumina, acetic anhydride, nitrobenzene, ammonia, peroxides, strong acids, strong bases. Combustible.
Cosmetic Ingredient Function	HUMECTANT SKIN CONDITIONING - HUMECTANT DENATURANT FRAGRANCE SOLVENT SKIN PROTECTING VISCOSITY CONTROLLING PERFUMING ORAL CARE HAIR CONDITIONING
Cosmetic Ingredient Assessment	Glycerol (56-81-5)
InChI	1S/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2
InChIKey	PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES	OCC(O)CO
LogP	-2.32
Surface Tension	64 mN/m at 20°C
CAS Database	56-81-5 (CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemical Information	1,2,3-Propanetriol (56-81-5)
EPA Chemical Information	Glycerine (56-81-5)
Absorption	≤0.02≤0.02 at 280 nm in H₂O at 0.5M ≤0.07≤0.07 at 260 nm in H₂O at 0.5M

Safety Information

Hazard	Non-hazardous substance. Mildly irritating to eyes and skin.
Hazard Symbol	None ("Xi" may be used for high concentrations)
Transport Classification	Non-restricted goods
Toxicity	Rat oral LD50 > 20 mL/kg

Product Usage

Due to its unique humectant, solubility, and stability properties, glycerol is widely used in many fields. In cosmetics and personal care products, glycerol is a classic humectant and skin conditioning agent, commonly found in face creams, lotions, toothpaste, and shampoos. In the food industry, it serves as a moisture-retaining agent and sweetener, used in candies, baked goods, and beverages. In the pharmaceutical field, glycerol is used to prepare suppositories, cough syrups, and topical formulations. Industrially, glycerol is an important raw material for synthetic resins, polyurethanes, nitroglycerin (explosives), and tobacco humectants. Additionally, it is used as an antifreeze agent, lubricant, and coating additive.

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